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Image copyright National Archives Image captionTally sticks, circa 1299, showing accounts of the bailiff of Ralph de Manton of Ufford Church, NorthamptonNot far from where I live is Oxford's Ashmolean Museum, home to art and antiquities from around the world. I often find myself slipping down the stairs to the money gallery in its grand basement.You can see coins from Rome, the Vikings, the Abbasid Caliphate and, closer to home, from medieval Oxfordshire and Somerset.But while it seems obvious that the money gallery would be full of coins, most money isn't in the form of coins at all.The trouble is, as Felix Martin points out in his book, Money: The Unauthorised Biography, that most of our monetary history hasn't survived in a form that could grace a museum. It is broadcast on the BBC World Service. You can find and or.In fact, in 1834, the British government decided to destroy 600 years of precious monetary artefacts. It was a decision that was to have unfortunate consequences in more ways than one.The artefacts in question were humble sticks of willow, about eight inches (20cm) long, called Exchequer tallies.

The willow was harvested along the banks of the Thames, not far from the Palace of Westminster in central London. Foils and stocksTallies were a way of recording debts with a system that was sublimely simple and effective.The stick would contain a record of the debt, for example: '£9 4s 4d from Fulk Basset for the farm of Wycombe'. Fulk Basset was a Bishop of London in the 13th Century. He owed his debt to King Henry III.Now comes the elegant part.The stick would be split in half, down its length from one end to the other. The debtor would retain half, called the 'foil'. The creditor would retain the other half, called the 'stock' - even today, British bankers use the word 'stocks' to refer to debts of the British government.Because willow has a natural and distinctive grain, the two halves would match only each other. Image copyright Alamy Image captionSome of the old wooden tally sticks used by the UK Exchequer until 1826Of course, the Treasury could simply have kept a record of these transactions in a ledger somewhere.

Image copyright Getty Images Image captionPeople used cheques to cover expenses like bar bills, and publicans reused them to pay their suppliersNow, at first sight this makes no sense.Cheques are paper-based instructions to transfer money from one bank account to another. But if both banks are closed, then the instruction to transfer money can't be carried out - not until the banks open, anyway. But everyone in Ireland knew that might not happen for months.Nevertheless, people wrote each other cheques, and they circulated.

Patrick would write a cheque for £20 to clear his tab at the local pub. The publican might then use that cheque to pay his staff, or his suppliers.Patrick's cheque would circulate around and around, a promise to pay £20 that couldn't be fulfilled until the banks reopened and started clearing the backlog. Taken on trustThe system was fragile. It was clearly open to abuse by people who wrote cheques they knew would eventually bounce.As May dragged past, then June, then July, there was always the risk that people lost track of their own finances and started unknowingly writing cheques they couldn't afford and wouldn't be able to honour.More from Tim HarfordPerhaps the biggest risk of all was that trust would start to fray, that people would simply start refusing to accept cheques as payment.Yet the Irish kept writing each other cheques. It must have helped that so much Irish business was small and local.People knew their customers. They knew who was good for the money. Word would get around about people who cheated.And the pubs and corner shops were able to vouch for the creditworthiness of their customers, which meant that cheques could keep moving.

Private moneyWhen the dispute was resolved and the banks reopened in November, more than six months after they had closed, the Irish economy was still in one piece. The only problem: the backlog of £5bn worth of cheques would take another three months to clear.Nor is the Irish case the only one in which cheques were passed around without ever being cashed.In the 1950s, British soldiers stationed in Hong Kong would pay their bills with cheques on accounts back in England. The local merchants would circulate the cheques, vouching for them with their own signatures, without any great hurry to cash them in. Image copyright Getty Images Image captionSome British soldiers stationed in Hong Kong during the 1950s - like these troops bound for Korea - used cheques drawn on their home banksEffectively, the Hong Kong cheques - like the Irish cheques, like the Tally sticks - had become a form of private money.If money is simply tradable debt, then tally sticks and uncashed Irish cheques weren't some weird form of quasi-money.

They were simply money in a particularly unvarnished form. Unfortunate endLike an engine running with the cover off, or a building with the scaffolding still up, they're money with the underlying mechanism laid bare.Of course, we still naturally think of money as those discs of metal in the Ashmolean Museum. After all it's the metal that survives, not the cheques or the tally sticks.Those tally sticks, by the way, met an unfortunate end. Sony vegas pro 7.0 keygen downloadwnload. The system was finally abolished and replaced by paper ledgers in 1834 after decades of attempts to modernise.